What is the function of an emergency locator transmitter (ELT)?

An emergency locator transmitter (ELT) is a crucial safety device designed primarily to assist in search and rescue operations. When activated—either automatically upon impact or manually by the pilot—the ELT emits a distress signal that can be detected by search and rescue teams. This signal is transmitted on specific emergency frequencies, enabling rescuers to locate downed aircraft quickly, significantly enhancing the chances of survival for any occupants.

The design and function of the ELT focus specifically on alerting search teams to an aircraft in distress, which is why this option is the accurate one. Other functions that might seem related, such as real-time flight tracking or communication with air traffic control, are managed by different systems and technologies. Similarly, while detecting engine failures is essential for flight safety, this function falls outside the capabilities of an ELT. Thus, the primary role of an ELT centers on its function to send out distress signals, making it vital in emergency situations.