What is the function of wing flaps?

Wing flaps are designed primarily to increase both lift and drag at lower speeds, which is particularly beneficial during critical phases of flight such as takeoff and landing. When flaps are extended, they modify the wing's shape and increase its surface area, which allows the aircraft to generate greater lift without requiring an increase in airspeed. This capability enables pilots to safely operate the aircraft at lower speeds, which is essential for taking off and landing safely on shorter runways as well as managing descent rates more effectively.

Additionally, the increased drag provided by the flaps during these maneuvers helps to slow the aircraft down, allowing for better control and stability during what are often challenging flight conditions. This use of flaps is a common aerodynamic technique that enhances safety and performance near the ground.

The other options do not accurately reflect the primary purpose of wing flaps. While fuel efficiency and enhanced maneuverability are important aspects of aircraft operation, they do not directly relate to the fundamental purpose of wing flaps. Also, while stabilization in turbulence is crucial for flight safety, it is not a function that wing flaps specifically serve. Their main role is in improving aerodynamic performance during low-speed flight.