What is the difference between true north and magnetic north?

True north refers to the direction along the Earth's surface towards the North Pole, which is the fixed point representing 90 degrees north latitude. This is a constant geographical direction and serves as a reference for navigation.

Magnetic north, on the other hand, relates to the direction a magnetic compass points. It indicates the location of the Earth's magnetic fields, which are not aligned perfectly with the geographical North Pole. Because of variations in the Earth's magnetic field and its ever-changing nature due to movements in the Earth's core, magnetic north can shift over time.

Understanding this distinction is crucial for navigation, as pilots and navigators must account for the difference between true north and magnetic north, often referred to as magnetic declination, to accurately determine their heading and course. Recognizing that true north is a stable reference point while magnetic north can vary enhances the understanding of navigation and map reading.