What effect does wake turbulence have on following aircraft?

Wake turbulence can have a profound effect on following aircraft, primarily by causing a loss of control. This phenomenon occurs when a leading aircraft generates vortices as it passes through the air, particularly during takeoff and landing when the aircraft is generating lift. These vortices can be strong and persistent, and if a following aircraft encounters them, it can experience sudden and unexpected changes in its flight path or attitude due to the turbulent air.

For example, if a smaller aircraft is following a larger one, the vortices created can cause significant rolling motions or yawing that may be difficult for the pilot to counteract. In some cases, an encounter with wake turbulence can even lead to a loss of control, necessitating immediate corrective measures from the pilot. This is why pilots are trained to maintain safe distances and follow proper procedures to mitigate the risks associated with wake turbulence, especially during critical phases of flight like takeoff and landing.

The other options do not accurately capture the potential dangers of wake turbulence. While it might seem that wake turbulence could reduce engine performance or increase altitude stability, these are not the primary concerns for pilots, especially when considering the possibility of losing control of the aircraft. Therefore, recognizing the risk of loss of control is critical for safe aviation operations