How do wing flaps affect an aircraft during landing?

Wing flaps are a critical component in the landing phase of flight, primarily designed to increase both lift and drag. When the flaps are extended, they alter the wing's shape and surface area, allowing the aircraft to generate more lift at lower speeds. This is particularly important during landing when slower speeds are required to touch down safely on the runway.

Additionally, while increasing lift, the deployment of flaps also raises drag. This increase in drag is beneficial during landing, as it helps to slow down the aircraft more effectively, allowing for a controlled descent and approach to the runway. The combination of increased lift at lower speeds and enhanced drag allows pilots to take off and land within shorter distances and under safer conditions.

Therefore, the correct understanding of how wing flaps affect aircraft during landing hinges on recognizing their dual role in enhancing lift and creating additional drag, facilitating a smoother landing process.